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葡萄酒的基本

葡萄酒的基本

Wine Basic

Wine Basic 葡萄酒的基本

喜欢酒吗?想知道更多一点吗?

  • 葡萄酒是什么?What is Wine?

  • 用作酿酒的葡萄种类 Wine Grapes

  • 年份 Vintage

  • 单品种葡萄酒 Single - Varietal Wine  

  • 酒瓶的故事 Wine Bottle Facts

  • 品酒 Drinking Facts

  • 葡萄酒是如何标记的 Examples of How wine is Labeled

What is Wine?

What is Wine?

葡萄酒是什么?


What is Wine? 葡萄酒是什么?




Wine is an alcoholic beverage made with fermented grapes.  Technically, wine can be made with any fruit, but most wines are made with wine grapes  
 
  葡萄酒是一种用葡萄发酵的酒精饮料。从技术上讲,任何水果都可以酿酒,但大多数由葡萄酿制。

Wine Grapes

Wine Grapes

葡萄品种用做葡萄酒

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酿酒葡萄

Wine grapes


   Wine grapes are different than table grapes.  They are much smaller.  They have seed, and they are also sweeter then table grapes.
酿酒葡萄是不同于鲜食葡萄的。酿酒葡萄有籽但是籽更小一些,口感比鲜食葡萄更甜一些。


Vintage

Vintage

年份

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Vintage 年份


Vintage refers to the year when the grapes were harvested.  Non-vintage (NV) wines are a blend of several harvests
年份是指葡萄收获的那一年。没年份的(NV)葡萄酒通常由不同收获年份的葡萄混酿.Vintage wine 年份酒:Vitulia Barrica, Vitulia Crianza, Vitulia Gran Reserva, Vitulia Hacienda Autor

Single - Varietal Wine

Single - Varietal Wine

单品种葡萄酒

Single - Varietal Wine 单品种葡萄酒


Wine “varietals” simply means wine made from a specific wine grapes.   Varietal wines in the Spain are often named after the dominant grapes used in making the wine.     Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo, Monastrell, Riesling, Pinot Noir, and Syrah are examples of grape varieties.  When a wine bottle shows a varietal designation on the label (like Merlot) it means that the wine in the bottle 100%  that grape variety (at 100% Monastrell(Mouvedre), Tempranillo 100% for example)
葡萄酒“品种”仅仅意味着葡萄酒由特定的葡萄酿造。葡萄品种在西班牙酒庄通常是由葡萄生产中占主导地位的葡萄命名的。比如莫纳斯特雷尔、赤霞珠、梅洛、丹魄、雷司令、黑皮诺和西拉葡萄品种就是这样一个例子。当一个酒瓶标签上显示了一个葡萄品种(Merlot)意味着这瓶酒是100%梅洛。 (例如:100%
莫纳斯特雷尔,
添普兰尼洛100%)

Wine Bottle Facts

Wine Bottle Facts

酒瓶的事实

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Wine Bottle Facts 酒瓶的尺寸 

Standard bottles size have 11 标准瓶大小11

Drinking Facts

Drinking Facts

喝酒的事实

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Drinking Facts 喝酒的事实


- STANDARD BOTTLE SIZE 标准瓶的大小

A standard  750ml bottle contains 5 servings of wine
一瓶标准的750毫升葡萄酒可以倒五杯葡萄酒(150ml一杯)

- STANDARD WINE POUR 倒一杯标准的葡萄酒

A standard pour is 5 oz (150ml) and contains an average of 150 calories and 0-2 grams of carbs
一杯标准的葡萄酒大概5盎司(150毫升),平均含有150卡路里和0 - 2克碳水化合物

- HEALTHY DRINKING 健康的饮酒

The National Cancer Institute recommends that women have no more than 1 drink per day and men have no more than 2。

美国国家癌症研究所建议女性每天不超过1杯,男性每天不超过2杯

- A GLASS A DAY 一杯一天

If you drink a glass of wine every night of your adult life, you will drink over 4000 bottles of wine
 如果你在成年之后每天晚上喝一杯葡萄酒,你将会喝超过4000瓶葡萄酒

Examples of How wine is Labeled

Examples of How wine is Labeled

葡萄酒是如何标记的例子






Wine labels have a lot of information on them.  Some of it is critical to understanding what is in the bottle, and some of it is just blowing smoke.  Here’s a quick guide to help you know what matters, how to spot a bargain, and what to ignore.  葡萄酒标签有很多信息。有些是鉴别一瓶酒好坏的关键,有些只是装饰。这里有一个快速指南,以帮助您了解葡萄酒,如何鉴定一瓶好酒。


Appellation Credential
等级证书

Appellation credentials are awarded to regional producers following strict rules governing which grapes are allowed, crop yield, alcohol percentage and quality level.  The specific requirements for regions are determined by the country of origin.
所谓凭证授予地区生产商严格的规则允许哪些葡萄可以做为酿造葡萄酒的原料,作物产量、酒精比例和质量水平。区域的具体要求由原产国制定。

There are 2 main styles of wine labels commonly found in the stores.  A wine identified by its brand name or a wine designated by its appellation credentials.  A wine that is labeled by it’s brand will indicate what grapes it’s made of on the front label (whether it be chardonnay or ‘red blend’).  A wine that is identified by its appellation credentials relies on the appellation’s quality level rules and regulations to indicate what’s in the bottle.  A perfect example of an appellation wine is Chablis: Nowhere on a Chablis label is a mention of chardonnay as the grape, nor that Chablis is typically an unoaked chardonnay.
主要有2风格的葡萄酒标签在商店随处可见。葡萄酒被其品牌名称或葡萄酒其名称指定的凭据。标签的葡萄酒品牌会显示什么葡萄在前面做的标签(不管是夏敦埃酒或“红色混合”)。葡萄酒被其称谓凭证依赖称谓的质量标准法规表示瓶子里是什么。称谓葡萄酒的一个很好的例子是夏布利酒:夏布利酒标签上没有提到的霞多丽葡萄,也没有夏布利酒通常是一个没有在木桶中储存的霞多丽。

葡萄酒标签可能并不能完全告诉你酒的味道,但可以帮助你会更好的了解你买到的是什么。Understanding a wine label may not always tell you how the wine tastes but it can help you get a better picture of exactly what you are buying.


Producer or Name The producer name is either obvious or in small text at the top or the bottom of the label (such as many French wine label examples).  This is who made the wine.  It’s important to note that some American wine labels that only have a Wine Name (such as Apothic Red) are branded wines from larger wine companies.  Apothic Red is a branded wine by E&J Gallo–the producer.
生产者或名字较明显的或写与顶部或底部的小标签(如许多法国葡萄酒标签的例子)。这是谁的酒。重要的是要注意,一些美国葡萄酒标签只有一个葡萄酒的名字(比如Apothic红色)从大葡萄酒品牌的葡萄酒公司。例如:Apothic红色是品牌葡萄酒,E&J Gallo-the生产国。
2. Region The region indicates from where the grapes were sourced to produce the wine.  A wine from a larger (read: more vague) region is typically a value wine whereas a wine from a specific vineyard site often indicates a higher quality regional designation (i.e. “California” vs. “Santa Rita Hills” AVA).  If a wine is from a specific vineyard site, that site will be indicated in quotations (i.e. “Les Suchots”) or located right below the region designation (ie Vosne Romanee Les Suchots).  Generally, as you narrow the source to a specific site, the quality level becomes more refined and the price increases.
2。区域显示的葡萄是从哪个原产地生产。酒从一个更大的(范围更广的)区域通常是一个有价值酒所产酒从一个特定的葡萄园地点,通常表明更高质量葡萄的区域名称(例如“加州”与“圣丽塔山”艾娃)。如果从一个特定的葡萄酒网站,该网站将显示在报价(即“Les Suchots”)或位于以下地区名称(即Vosne Romanee Les Suchots)。一般来说,当你缩小到一个特定的网站来源,质量水平会变得更加精炼和同时价格也会更高一些。
3. Variety or Appellation The variety refers to what grape or grapes are used in making the wine–Merlot for example, or CMS Blend (Cab, Merlot, Syrah).  Many blends will not reveal the constituent grapes nor the percentage that each makes of the whole.  If there is no varietal given, look for the Appellation, which can give you clues to what varietals were used based on the rules governing that region.  There are 15 nations with officially regulated appellations, though the strictness of the rules and what matters varies wildly among them.
3。品种或称谓指什么葡萄或葡萄品种用于制造wine-Merlot例如,CMS或混合(卡巴,梅洛,西拉)。许多混合不会显示葡萄成分和比例,整个称呼或单个称呼。如果没有品种,寻找名称,可以给你线索什么品种使用的规则的。有15个国家正式规范称谓,所以有严格的规则和变化是非常重要。
4. Vintage or Non-Vintage (NV) The year that the grapes were harvested is the vintage.  The vintage tells a lot about a wine if you are familiar with vintage variations.  As a general rule, multi-vintage wines or “NV” wines are lower value wines, because they have the ease of pulling wine from multiple vintages to control the flavor.
4所示。老式或喝些没年份的酒(NV)今年的葡萄收获是古董。古董告诉很多关于葡萄酒如果您熟悉的变化。作为一般规则,multi-vintage葡萄酒葡萄酒或“NV”葡萄酒是低价值,因为他们有易于从多个年份的葡萄酒来控制气息。
5. Alcohol by Volume (ABV) The alcohol level actually says a lot about a wine.  Many European wine regions only allow their highest quality wines to have 13.5% ABV and above.  In America, ABVs can be quite high (up to 17% on some dry wines) and the alcohol level is an indication of how rich/big the wine may taste.  Many higher alcohol wines are made from riper grapes and tend to have more fruit forward flavors.  Again, this is a generalization and there are exceptions to the rule.
5。酒精的体积(酒精)酒精含量实际上更说明葡萄酒的质量。许多欧洲葡萄酒区域只允许的最高含量13.5%以上的优质葡萄酒。在美国,酒精可以相对提高(17%在一些干型葡萄酒)。所以酒精含量是一个显示葡萄酒质量的指标。许多高酒精是由成熟的葡萄酿制的,葡萄酒往往更有水果味道。当然,这只是个大概,也有例外。

Other Information on a Wine Label
葡萄酒标签上的其他信息

Estate Bottled Wine
原地产瓶装酒

Estate Bottled means the wine was grown, produced and bottled on the wine estate.  There are negotiant wine producers, such as Georges Deobueof, who purchase both grapes or wine from many locations and bottle them together.  These kinds of wines tend to be lower quality (again, a generalization).  Estate bottled wines must be grown and produced on the estate where they are from.  Here is the term “Estate Bottled” from various countries such as Italy, Germany, France, Spain:
原地产瓶装意味着葡萄酒从种植,生产再到瓶装都是在酒庄里面完成。也有卖手兼葡萄酒生产商,如乔治•Deobueof从许多地方购买葡萄和葡萄酒和瓶子在一起。这些类型的葡萄酒往往质量很低(一个泛化)。原地产瓶装葡萄酒必须从种植到生产再到灌装都必须在原产地国家进行,他们从哪里来。这是(“原地产瓶装”这个词在不同的国家如意大利,德国,法国,西班牙不同表达方法:
•Mis en Bouteille au Château
•Mis en Bouteille a la Propriete
•Mis en la Propriete了
•Mis en Bouteille au domaine.
•Mis在了非盟葡萄园。
•Embotellat a la Propietat (Spain)
•Embotellat la Propietat(西班牙)
•Imbottigliato all’origine (Italy)
•Imbottigliato所有’origine(意大利)
•Erzeugerabfüllung (Germany)
•Erzeugerabfullung(德国)

Reserve
储备

The indication of Reserve sounds fancy but it doesn’t actually mean anything official.  There are no rules to what a reserve wine is and thus this word on a bottle could mean nothing at all.  Many small producers use it to indicate their top-tier wines that use the winemaker’s highest quality production wines from the best barrels.  Take this indicator with a grain of salt if the wine you’d like to buy seems too good to be true.
储备的指示听起来的,但这并不意味着任何官员。没有规定什么是储备葡萄酒,因此这个词在一个瓶子就意味着什么都没有。许多小型生产商使用它来显示他们的顶级葡萄酒使用酿酒师的高质量生产的葡萄酒最好的桶。把这个指标有保留地如果您想买的酒似乎好得令人难以置信。

Old Vines or Vielles Vins
老藤或Vielles汇斯酒业

The use of grapes from older vines typically lends to more concentrated flavors in a wine.  However, there are no rules to say how old the old vine must be to get an “Old Vine” designation.  Producers use it to help indicate the style of wine they produce.  Vines can range from 15 to 115 years that get the tag ‘Old Vines’ on the label.  Some wines that are designated “Old Vines” have a blend of young vine grapes and old vine grapes together.
使用从老藤葡萄通常借更多的集中在葡萄酒风味。然而,没有规定说多大,古藤必须得到一个“老藤”的名称。生产商使用它来帮助他们生产表明葡萄酒的风格。藤蔓从15年到115年可以标记“老藤”的标签。一些指定的“老藤”的葡萄酒有一个年轻的葡萄腾萄老藤葡萄嫁接在一起。

Contains Sulfites
含有亚硫酸盐

The words “Contains Sulfites” is a label requirement put on all officially imported or domestic wines in the United States.  Most grapes actually contain sulfites on them naturally from the vineyard and there is a rather loaded debate on whether or not sulfites matter in wine.  I like to use this analogy: If you are not sensitive to dried mangos or apricots which have somewhere around 1000-4000 ppm (parts per million) sulfites versus only 300-400 ppm sulfites in a high-sulfite wine, you’ll be fine.
“含有亚硫酸盐”一词是国际要求在一个标签标示所有正规渠道进口或国产葡萄酒的成分。大部分葡萄实际上都含有亚硫酸盐对他们而言是很自然的事情,对亚硫酸盐是否存在在葡萄酒的争议。我喜欢用这个比喻:如果你不敏感的芒果干或杏有大约1000 - 4000 ppm(ppm)亚硫酸盐和只有300 - 400 ppm亚硫酸盐,那么high-sulfite的葡萄酒,你就会觉得没事。

Sources
French Appellation Origin
inao.gouv.fr/pdf guide
Italian Wine Label Information on italianmade.com

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